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Publication
de Jean-Claude Krynicki |
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Dans le milieu industriel on est souvent confronté à des
problèmes techniques, à des gestions de projets innovants à des
domaines peu étudiés. Le meilleur moyen de faire avance le métier ou
de susciter la réflexion de ses pairs, c'est de faire des
présentations dans les conférences internationale, lieu privilégié
de rencontre des spécialistes de la discipline. En France nous avons
aussi la chance d'avoir une organisation de normalisation, l'AFNOR, qui
sert de forum aux spécialistes et permet de publier des guides et
fascicules de documentation à l'usage des professionnels. L'éclectisme
est encouragé et il est possible d'apporter sa contribution dans
différents domaines.
De plus, quand on a des ancêtres qui pendant des siècles ont gardé
des marches de la Pologne est scruté l'horizon pour identifier ce qui
s'y profilait, on garde dans sa génétique une curiosité pour
l'innovation et pour ce que Kuhn nommait les changements de paradigmes.
Tous ces signes avant coureurs, indices de futurs changements ou de
révolution dans les mentalités.
Voici une liste des publications effectuées dans les domaines de la
métrologie, de la qualité et dans d'autres secteurs d'activité; j'y
ai ajouté quelques commentaires sur mes motivations de l'époque |
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Presentation done for the Second
International Metrology Conference of Africa - CAFMET 2008 (April 2008) -
Tunis (Tunisia)
METROLOGIE DE L'IMMATERIEL : ETAT DES
LIEUX
SOFT METROLOGY, A STATUS REPORT.
Abstract
En dehors
des mesures physiques, chimiques et biologiques il existe un vaste
domaine de mesures sans dimensions, qui n’utilisent pas d’étalons
raccordés au système international d’unités.
Certaines
de ces mesures, comme celles liées à la perception humaine, peuvent
faire l’objet de
validation à l’aide de processus expérimentaux classiques.
D’autres
qui utilisent des questionnaires auto-administrés ou des évaluations
statistiques sont validées par leurs possibilités prédictives.
L’objectif
de cette communication est de présenter un inventaire le plus exhaustif
possible de ce domaine et de mettre en évidence les problèmes liés
aux méthodes de mesure et de présenter les recherches en cours pour l’amélioration
de leur fiabilité.
A
travers l’exemple de la mesure de la satisfaction des clients l’auteur
présentera l’évolution des outils d’analyse statistiques pour
prendre en compte les biais liés à la linéarité et aux co-variations
des nombreux facteur prédictifs de la loyauté des clients :.
-
la régression PLS
(partial least square)
-
l’indice de Theil
-
les réseaux de
neurones
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Presentation done for the NCSLI (July
2007) - Saint Paul, Minnesota (USA)
THE FRENCH METROLOGY TRAINING AND EDUCATION
SYSTEM.
This
paper is presenting the metrology training and education system
available in
France
where the BIPM is located.
-
within
an engineering school provide an education degree
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within
the university as a master addressing also other topics such as quality
-
from
professional or regional organizations giving seminars and specific
training such as the Collège Français de Métrologie and the French
Standardization Body AFNOR.
The
presentation will provide examples and typical metrology curriculum
The
author, expert at the Brussels Commission, will conclude with examples
of the Specific Support Action (SSA) tool created to disseminate
knowledge within emerging fields of metrology in
Europe
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Présentation done for the
Métrologie 2007 (Juin 2007)
Lille France
Vers
une industrialisation des calculs d’incertitude
Toward
an industrial approach of uncertainty calculation
Le calcul de l’incertitude de mesure, après une
vingtaine d’années d’efforts normatifs, a
atteint son seuil de maturité. Historiquement, les grandes
étapes en furent, en 1980, la recommandation INC-1 du BIPM qui fixait
la méthode, la publication du GUM en 1992, puis la mise en forme d’exemples
de calculs pratiques par EA, avec le guide EA 4-02 en 1999 et de
nombreux documents complémentaires comme le fascicule AFNOR FDX 07-022.
Une phase d’apprentissage était nécessaire pour familiariser les
métrologues à ces nouvelles méthodes, c’est la raison pour laquelle
une approche » artisanale » était acceptable.
Pour les sociétés chargées de la maintenance périodique des
équipements de mesure, ce changement de méthode pose la question du
retour sur investissement d’un tel effort d’ingénierie dans un
environnement de faible volume et de grande diversité.
Le nombre de modèles d’équipements en activité dans les entreprises
est estimé à 60 000 et la mise aux normes de 15 à 70 années-homme.
Dans ce contexte il est légitime d’aborder la question de l’industrialisation
des calculs, en partant de la constatation que de nouveaux langages de
programmation, comme le XML sont apparus et que des outils de
calculs sont disponibles.
L’objectif de cette présentation est de faire un bilan des voies
possibles de développement.
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Initiatives récentes pour
codifier les données de mesure
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Classification des équipements
en familles, sous-familles, fonctions et spécifications
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Recherche d’une formule
globale et générique de calcul d’incertitude
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Mise en œuvre du calcul d’incertitude
à l’aide d’équations de mesure intégrées dans la plate-forme
logiciel de pilotage de l’instrument
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Approche par systèmes de
mesure polyvalents
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Comparaison avec d’autres
secteurs, comme l’ingénierie du bâtiment, qui ont depuis longtemps
trouvé des solutions pour
des questions similaires
L’auteur, participant à plusieurs projets dans
ce domaine, fera part de son expérience.
Abstract:
The
uncertainty calculation, after 20 years of normative efforts, has
reached its maturity level. The main historical steps were, in 1980, the
recommendation INC-1 from BIPM defining the method, the publication of
the GUM in 1992, then the design of practical calculations by European
Accreditation with EA 4-02 in 1999 and the issue of other guides such as
the AFNOR FDX 07-022.A
training phase was necessary to support the effort of metrologists in
front of these new methods. This is the reason why a manual and
educational approach was acceptable.For the companies in charge of
measuring equipment calibration, this type of manual approach raises the
question of the return on investment in a high mix low volume
environment.
The
number of models used in the industry is estimated around 60 000 and the
engineering effort is between 15 and 70 men year.In from of such
challenge, it is normal to raise the question of industrial production
of uncertainty calculation. This idea is supported by the availability
of new languages such as XML and of new computer based tools.
The
objective of this presentation is to provide an overview of possible
tactics:
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New initiatives for codification of
measurement data
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Classification of measuring equipment
into families, sub families, functions and specifications
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Research of a global and generic
formula of uncertainty calculation
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Embedded uncertainty formula within the
calibration software platform
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Benchmark with other industry sector
like building engineering where similar issues has been resolved a long
time ago
The
author, project manager in this area, will share his experience of
calculation center and data management center design.
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Presentation done for the XVIII IMEKO WORLD CONGRESS
Metrology for a Sustainable Development September, 17 – 22, 2006, Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil
INTRODUCTION
TO “SOFT” METROLOGY
XVIII IMEKO WORLD CONGRESS
Metrology for a Sustainable Development September, 17 – 22, 2006, Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil
Abstract:
Outside of the classical
physical and chemical metrologies, there is a large field of
measurement, which is called dimensionless or “soft “ metrology by
analogy with hard and soft sciences.The objective of this presentation
is to provide an overview of this field, to analyze the methods used and
their linkage to classical metrology. The author will take 3 examples,
an historical one, the measurement of human character, and two modern
research fields, software usability and customer satisfaction. He will
also show the recent efforts from the European Commission, as part of
the New Emerging Sciences and Technologies program (N.E.S.T.), to
increase the objectivity of these measurements.
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Presentation done for the NCSLI Congress 2005
Washington
THE SIX SIGMA METHOD AND
THE THEORY OF CONSTRAINTS : TWO TOOLS TO OPTIMISE THE METROLOGY PROCESS
FOR INDUSTRY.
Jean-Claude Krynicki Global
Voice of the Customer Program Manager - Philippe
Roussel System Uptime Support Manager
The six sigma methodology is
mainly used to improve production processes within a high volume, low
mix environment. The metrology service centre is dealing with low
volume, high mix operations. The main challenge for a metrology service
provider is to deal with waiting queues to optimise the equipment down
time. Another technique, coming from the theory of constraints, is very
efficient to manage such planning of
technical operations.
With a combination of these two
techniques it is possible to improve the overall service quality.
This paper is the result of 10
years of experience in production management. After a synthetic
presentation of the two methods, their advantages and limitations, the
authors are showing some examples of implementation. They are presenting
the changes for the work organisation and for the design of computer
applications to support these processes (capability and capacity
management, ERP, CRM) with examples of management dashboards. |
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Presentation done for the congress
Métrologie 2005 - Lyon France
UN
EXEMPLE DE METROLOGIE “MOLLE” : LA MESURE DE LA SATISFACTION DES
CLIENTS
AN
EXAMPLE OF “SOFT” METROLOGY : THE MEASUREMENT OF CUSTOMER
SATISFACTION
Résumé
La
version 2000 de la norme ISO 9001, dans le prolongement des exigences de
la version 1994, considère la
mesure de la satisfaction des clients comme une partie intégrante
de la métrologie.
L’objectif
de cette communication est de
définir
quelles sont les attentes liées à cette mesure, de préciser la
terminologie (satisfaction, attente, perception, loyauté), la
méthodologie (du questionnaire sans validation aux modèles
issus de la recherche opérationnelle – A.C.S.I., E.C.S.I.), et
les sources documentaires pour bâtir un outil de mesure.
Le
conférencier qui a participé à la rédaction du guide AFNOR FDX
07-050 ; Métrologie immatérielle - Mesure
de l’attendu et du perçu - présentera les outils qu’il utilise
dans le cadre d’un programme mondial de mesure de la satisfaction des
clients.
Abstract
The
version 2000 of the ISO 9001 standard, following the requirements of the
1994 issue, is considering customer satisfaction measurement as an
integral part of metrology.This new field of activity is called
metrology of immateriality or “soft” metrology.
The objective of this presentation is to
define the expectations linked to this measurement, to specify the
terminology (customer satisfaction, expectation, perception, loyalty),
to present the measurement method (from the invalidated questionnaire to
the operational research models – A.C.S.I., E.C.S.I.), and the
documentation resources.
The
author who has participated to the guide AFNOR FDX 07-050 ;
Metrology of immateriality – Measurement of expectation and perception
– will
present the tools he is using as part of a world wide program to measure
customer satisfaction.
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Presentation done for the NCSLI Congress 2004
Tampa, Florida USA
HOW MUCH DOES IT COST TO PLAY WITH CALIBRATION CYCLE EXTENSION ? NCSLI
2004
Jean-Claude Krynicki European
Quality and Metrology Program Manager
Abstract :
The starting point for a calibration cycle extension study is very often
a financial motivation and the gains on the maintenance of reference
equipment are quite immediately visible and easy to calculate.
It is usually mentioned in the abundant literature concerning this topic
that calibration cycle management is a trade off between maintenance
cost and other factors less tangible like product quality, measurement
integrity, company image, customer satisfaction and recall costs.
The objective of this paper is to present a financial simulation to
really quantify this trade off using the concept of Cost to Obtain
Quality (COQ) and based on the experience of a large scale asset
optimisation project.
Several solutions recently deployed in the industry to quantify this
trade off will be also presented. |
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Presentation done for the
congress of Metrology South
Africa
6-7 September 2004
MANAGING AN EUROPEAN NETWORK OF CALIBRATION LABORATORIES : METROLOGY,
QUALITY, AND CULTURAL CHALLENGE
Jean-Claude Krynicki
This paper is
presenting the challenges associated with the standardization of practices
in a network of calibration laboratories operating in different
countries.The aim of this network is to provide the same level of support
for all customers, using the centre of expertise concept.For an optimum
result, the metrology and quality processes have to be aligned while
keeping into account specific customer needs due to cultural
differences.After a review of the constraints associated with this kind of
structure, the author will present the quality system deployment according
to ISO 9001-2000 and ISO 17025 requirements.For the metrology part the
presentation will address the issues of best measurement practices
standardization, calibration procedure deployment in a high mix, low
volume context.The importance of information technologies will be shown as
well as the need for a calculation and a data management centre. The
presentation will be illustrated with some examples of services and
performances this network allows to deliver.
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Presentation done for the congress Réunion
des adhérents de l'AFNOR La Défense - Paris 2003 - France
La qualité du service après
vente d’un fabricant d’appareils de mesure
Cet
article présente le mode de fonctionnement d’une société de service
assurant la maintenance d'un fournisseur multinational d'appareils de
mesure. Les questions abordées reflètent
les besoins des clients qui utilisent les équipements de mesure et de
test dans le domaine de l'électronique.
Certains
de ces problèmes sont liés à la nature spécifique de ces instruments
:
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multiparamètres (30 à
2000 points à mesurer durant chaque vérification périodique),
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caractéristiques
proches des meilleures possibilités de mesure,
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combinaison des
techniques classiques de mesure et de processus informatiques
sophistiqués pour traduire les données brutes dans un format
exploitable pour une application donnée,
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changements rapides de
conception et évolution pour faire face aux enjeux de la technologie
(exemple : les télécommunications)
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utilisation intensive
(24 x 7) et fortes contraintes pour optimiser à la fois la durée de
fonctionnement et les coûts.
Ces
conditions sont le reflet de l’évolution de la métrologie et, si le
cas peut paraître extrême, les
solutions mises en œuvre pour adapter l’entreprise à son marché
peuvent servir d’exemple à la métrologie dans son ensemble.
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Presentation done for the congress Métrologie
2003 - Toulon, France
SPECIFICATIONS POUR UN FORMAT D’ECHANGE DE DONNEES
METROLOGIQUES - METROLOGY DATA EXCHANGE FORMAT SPECIFICATIONS
Jean-Claude
Krynicki - Stéphane Potelle
Résumé
Depuis
sa création, la métrologie a mis en place un système cohérent d’unités
et une normalisation pour la présentation des résultats de mesure afin
de faciliter la reconnaissance internationale des certificats d’étalonnage.
Un élément fait défaut à la cohérence de cet édifice : la
standardisation des échanges de données de mesure. Et ceci malgré l’arrivée
de la transmission électronique des informations, l’augmentation des
données de mesures pour la même opération, et le besoin d’exploitation
de ces résultats pour réduire les incertitudes.
D’autres domaines d’activité beaucoup plus récents ont su tirer
partie de l’avantage de la révolution de la communication
électronique, comme la bureautique (format RTF) le graphisme (format
OBJ), en s’affranchissant des systèmes propriétaires ou en créant
des passerelles entre les applications.
Cette présentation fait suite à un travail d’investigation pour la
commission Métrologie dans l’Entreprise de l’AFNOR. Elle est le
fruit d’une réflexion entre un métrologue et un spécialiste du
développement des plates-formes logicielles de test.
L’objectif est de présenter, du point de vue de l’utilisateur, quel
système idéal pourrait répondre aux besoins de traitement de
données, et quelles sont les pistes de développement possibles.
Quelques initiatives dans ce domaine seront comparées à ces
spécifications.
Abstract
Since its very beginning, metrology has put in place a coherent unit
system and the appropriate standardization for the presentation of
measurement results to facilitate international recognition of
calibration certificates.
One element is missing within the structure of this construction :
the standardization of measurement reports data exchange format. And
this despite the apparition of data transmission on electronic format,
the increasing amount of calibration data for the same event, and the
rising need to manage these data to reduce measurement uncertainties.
Other more recent fields of activity successfully managed the benefits of
electronic communication, like office computing (RTF format), graphical
design (OBJ format). They have eliminated the proprietary systems or
they have created interfaces between applications. This presentation if
following an investigation work for AFNOR as part of Metrology in the
Company committee. This is
the outcome of exchanges between a metrologist and a specialist of Test
software platforms development .
The objective is to present which ideal system would answer to the need
for data treatment from the user perspective, and what are the possible
development orientations. Several on going initiatives will be compared
to these specifications. |
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Presentation for NCSL
2003 (August -
Tampa
–
Florida
); with Stéphane Potelle
SPECIFICATIONS OF A COMMON RESULT FORMAT
Abstract :
Compared to other fields of
activities, metrology did not take full advantage of the communication
revolution. Despite the consistency of the SI unit system, the coherence
of measured parameters, all described
by a dimensional equation, there is no common results format allowing
universal data exchanges between members of the metrology community. More
recent techniques were able to create such communication standards like
RTF (Rich Text Format), for the exchange of word processor files and
TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) for the transfer of images between
applications.
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Presentation for NCSL
2003 (August -
Tampa
–
Florida
)
SOFT METROLOGY : A PROGRESS REVIEW -
NCSL
2003 (August -
Tampa
–
Florida
)
Abstract :
The new version of ISO 9000 as
well as ISO 9000-4
consider customer satisfaction surveys as an integral part
of metrology. This new
extension of our field of expertise is called dimensionless or “soft”
metrology .
This paper is a progress review
showing the model of customer satisfaction index coming from operational
researches and the efforts of standardization bodies
to create guideline documents and the elements we already own to
improve the method and assess the measurement uncertainty.
The review
will present recent proposals for “hedonistic” and “customer
perception” measurements. The difference between business to business
and business to consumer environment will be developed. |
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Presentation done for the
SisQual 2002 Congress ( Paris – June 2002)
The
Metrology day : which metrology within the frame of ISO 9001?
The
experience of a European Group in the field of measurement
Content
Presentation
of the Agilent European Support Network
What
is specific to the measurement performed in electricity and electronic ?
User
expectations
World
wide standardization mapping
ISO
9000-2000 and other sector norms
Metrology
competence network logic
Attributes
of quality within metrology
The
advantages of a Pan European certification
Center
of interest of ISO 9000-2000 concerning metrology
Metrology
of customer satisfaction
Examples
of future new services
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Presentation done for the
Rabat
Metrology Congress 2002 (
Morocco
– 04/2002)
The industrial challenges of measurement
equipment management
Abstract
What is a
measurement equipment and which one needs to be calibrated (based on
AFNOR FDX 07 013). The
customer – supplier relationship (based
on AFNOR FDX 07 019). Usage
aptitude of a measurement equipment.
What is a validated measurement procedure (based on ISO 17025)
The challenge of measurement uncertainty calculation
(based on the GUM and ISO 5725)
Periodic calibration and cal cycle management (based
on AFNOR FDX 07 014)
Demonstrating traceability
Value added metrology
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Lecture done for the
Development Institute International ( Paris – March 2002)
How
to choose between internal and outsourced metrology ?
Content
Why is it necessary to calibrate periodically the
measuring equipment ? A model to evaluate the internal or external sub
contractors.
The attributes of a periodic maintenance operation. Example of an
evaluation scale
.
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Presentation done for the
Bucharest
Metrology Congress 2001
Romania
New challenges to manage electronical
measuring equipment within an European support network
Abstract
After an overview of
quality and metrology standards trends, this paper will address the
specific challenges associated with electronical equipment. The progresses
of technology and the intensive usage of these tools in the industry are
creating new needs and some "hot topics" within the metrology
community.
Some of the solutions under implementation to face
these challenges will be presented as well as the network structure
designed to offer the same level of support in all countries where users
of these measuring equipment are operating
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Presentation done for the
French International Metrology Congress 2001 (
Saint Louis
– 10/2001)
The 13 blocking obstacles for the deployment of the accredited
calibration of shop floor electronical equipment
within the frame of an European Network
Abstract
In the field of electronical
measurement, accreditation was originally focussed on the metrology of
standards and on the best measurement capabilities of the company. The
deployment of accredited measurements for shop floor level type of
equipment is facing many obstacles, both technical and economical.This paper is presenting an
inventory of these obstacles and is suggesting some solutions to improve
the situation.It proposes a comparative
evaluation of European practices; the objective is the unification of
methods to optimise the laboratory network of a multinational company.
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Presentation done for the NCSL 2000 Toronto, Canada
August 2000
Soft Metrology
The new version of ISO 9000 as well as ISO 9000-4 are considering
customer satisfaction survey as an integral part of metrology.
This new extension of our field of expertise is called dimensionless or
"soft" metrology .
The result of satisfaction surveys is a main indicator of business
success and a delicate result to interpret.
This paper is presenting the difference of behaviour between a
human being and the classical device under test we calibrate in our
standard laboratories.
Using some examples of satisfaction surveys performed in a multinational
company dealing with calibration activities, it provides the
typical uncertainty contributors to assess the results. |
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Presentation done for the
NCSL 99 (August 1999)
Metrology, economy and quality
Content
:
For
commercial activities, consumer producer - risk management was
traditionally a practical way to get a
realistic metrology agreement
at a reasonable price.
During
the last years new practices
for tolerance testing were introduced :
-
GPS (Geometrical Product Specification)
which objective is to maintain metrology consistency within the product
cycle.
-
new revision of ISO CEI 25
(ISO 17025) which objective is to impose common rules for product
acceptance in the regulation context.
-
revision of European accredited calibration laboratories practices (most
of these laboratories were not allowed to provide a conformity statement
on their certificates).
-
new discrimination between calibration and verification and associated
acceptance criteria As a consequence, process oriented metrology
and producer-consumer agreement practices are declining.
This
paper is presenting a summary of these new requirements and an analysis
of the potential impact in the electrical domain where the measuring
equipment are more complex than the model used to build these new
standards (multiple functions, numerous specifications, technologies
allowing measurement close to best capabilities...).
What
is the real metrology risk ? What is the value of arguments like : risk
management is based on ideal situation (take account of distribution, of
bias)? Is it possible to use risk propagation instead of uncertainty
propagation within the traceability chain ? What is the cost associated
with these stringent requirements ?
These
are some of the questions analyzed
by this paper, taking as an example a calibration service center
where more than 10 000 statements of conformity are issued per year.
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Presentation done for the
French International Metrology Congress 1999, Bordeaux - France (18-21
October 1999)
Programme technique de vérification /
étalonnage des instruments de mesure
Technical calibration
schedule for measuring equipment
Dans l'industrie, la vérification périodique
des équipements de mesure tend à remplacer l'étalonnage, parfois sans
relevé des points contrôlés. Les utilisateurs, souvent multiples, du
même équipement souhaitent maintenir les spécifications constructeurs
tout au long de son cycle de
vie.
Face à cette situation, le choix des points de
mesure et leur représentativité deviennent des paramètres critiques.
La normalisation, et en particulier l'ISO 17025, réclament
l'utilisation de programmes standardisés qui dans beaucoup de domaines
n'existent pas. Cette conférence fait l'inventaire des problèmes liés
à la représentativité des programmes de vérification à l'aide
d'exemples principalement issus de l'instrumentation électronique. Elle
informe des travaux en cours du groupe de travail AFNOR consacré à ce
sujet.
In
the industry, the periodic verification of measuring equipment is
replacing the calibration, sometimes without data report.The users of
the same equipment, sometimes multiple, are looking for the maintenance
of manufacturer specifications along the life cycle of the product.In
this situation, the choice of measurement points and their
representativity, are becoming critical parameters.The standardization,
and more specifically ISO 17025, requires the usage of standard
calibration schedules which do not exist in many domains. This
conference is providing the inventory of the problems linked to the
representativity of measuring points, using mainly examples from
eletronical test equipment. It informs on the current work of the AFNOR
working group concerning this subject.
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Presentation done for the NCSL 1998
- USA (August 1998)
ARE NEW TOLERANCE TESTING STANDARDS ADAPTED TO ELECTRICAL
MEASUREMENTS?
For commercial activities, consumer producer - risk
management was traditionally a practical way to get a
realistic metrology agreement
at a reasonable price.
During the last years
new practices for tolerance testing were introduced :
- GPS (Geometrical Product
Specification) which objective is to maintain metrology
consistency within the product cycle.
- new revision of ISO
CEI 25 (ISO 17025) which objective is to impose common rules for product
acceptance in the regulation context.
- revision of European accredited calibration
laboratories practices (most of these laboratories were not allowed to
provide a conformity statement on their certificates).
- new discrimination between calibration and verification
and associated acceptance criteria As a consequence, process oriented
metrology and
producer-consumer agreement practices are declining.
This paper is presenting a summary of these new
requirements and an analysis of the potential impact in the electrical
domain where the measuring equipment are more complex than the model
used to build these new standards (multiple functions, numerous
specifications, technologies allowing measurement close to best
capabilities...).
What is the real metrology risk ? What is the value of
arguments like : risk management is based on ideal situation (take
account of distribution, of bias)? Is it possible to use risk
propagation instead of uncertainty propagation within the traceability
chain ? What is the cost associated with these stringent requirements ?
These are some of the questions
analyzed by this
paper, taking as an example a calibration service center where more than
10 000 statements of conformity are issued per year. |
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Presentation done for the
Métrologie 1997 - Besançon, France (1997)
METROLOGIE, ECONOMIE ET QUALITE
Les industriels subissent actuellement une forte
pression pour réduire leurs coûts de production. La métrologie n'échappe
pas a 1'analyse
critique des gestionnaires qui réclament une démonstration de la
pertinence des opérations métrologiques et une preuve que tout a été
mis en oeuvre.pour en optimiser les coûts.
Ce document présente un panorama de la situation et des exemples de
méthodes, souvent empruntées an domaine qualité, mises en oeuvre dans
les entreprises pour repondre a ces
exigences et pour faire cohabiter de maniere rationnelle métrologie, économie
et qualité.
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Presentation done for the NCSL 1997 -
Atlanta, USA (July 1997)
PERSONAL PRODUCTIVITY TOOLS FOR THE
METROLOGIST OF THE 3rd MILLENNIUM
During the last decade, the metrologist, the QA
manager and the metrology consultant have been dealing with a strong
pressure in cost reduction and productivity improvement within an
expanding scope of expertise. Their activity has moved from a planified
sedentary job with clerical support to an opportunistic, mobile and
solitary activity.
During the same period, the personal computer
revolution has provided new tools for documentation management, task
automation and easy access to up-to-date information.
This paper is a presentation, through a personal example (a
metrologist involved in standard writing, customer support, consulting
and auditing) on how to take advantage of available computer features:
how to create a personal knowledge database for expertise improvement;
how to build a customized toolbox to reduce low value added tasks.... In
other words, how to sustain productivity increase while maintaining
work-life balance.
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Presentation done for the NCSL
1996 - Monterey, California - USA (August 1996)
CALIBRATION & VERIFICATION SCHEDULE
Jean Claude Krynicki
Hewlett-Packard
Les Ulis Cedex, France
Most of Measurement & Test Equipment users want to pay an optimum
for the calibration and verification of their references (i.e.,
requiring "calibration lite" services) while maintaining
confidence in the overall specifications of the equipment.
An overview of the main concepts and techniques used to select the
representative calibration points is presented in this paper.
An example of process oriented metrology in a production line is also
described. It shows how the verification and calibration schedule can be
linked systematically to the final product specifications.
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Presentation done for the NCSL
1995 - Dallas - USA (July 1995)
THE ACCREDITATION SYSTEM IN EUROPE : COFRAC
CALIBRATION SECTION, THE FRENCH EXAMPLE
This paper describes the global
accreditation system created in Europe during the EC constitution, which
allows mutual recognition of calibration certificates based on technical
validation and quality assurance programs. The example of French system
is detailed; originally created as BNM (Bureau National de la
Metrologie) in 1969, now integrated in a larger accreditation structure
(COFRAC, Calibration Section), it controls 250 standard laboratories.
The paper presents the organization, the accreditation process, the
technical and quality requirements. It also describes the control
process through MAPs and audits and the guides issued by the
accreditation body to support the laboratories in their implementation
project.
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Présentation suivie d'une conférence de Roland Collay
sur le BNM |
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Presentation done for the
Métrologie 1995 congress -
La norme Mil Std 45662A : un référentiel pour
la maitrise des moyens de mesure, intermédiaire entre l'accréditation
du laboratoire de métrologie et la certification ISO 9000.
MIL
STD 45662A : a calibration management standard between laboratory
accreditation and ISO 9000 certification.
Authors :
Jean-Claude Krynicki Hewlett-Packard
France
Patrick Reposeur COFRAC
Section Etalonnage
Pour une entreprise,l'utilisation exclusive de
mesures accréditées représente un investissement temporel et économique
considérable. Le référentiel Mil Std 45662A constitue une
alternative intéressante dans la recherche d'une solution couvrant la
validation technique et les
exigences d'assurance qualité dans un rapport qualité prix réaliste.
Depuis 1980, le Département de la défense de Etats Unis d'Amérique
(DOD) a mis au point une norme de gestion des moyens de mesure
pour le contrôle de ses fournisseurs. Ce référentiel, adopté par
plus de 1000 entreprises,
est fondé sur le concept de
risque client- fournisseur et sur un indice de fiabilité
du parc des références. Cette conférence décrit les originalités de
cette norme et illustre son application par quelques contributions
significatives que 15 ans de pratique
ont permis de développer.
Accreditation
of all measurements in a company, represents a huge
amount of work and cost. The Mil Std 45662A is an interesting
alternative in search of technical validation and quality
assurance requirements coverage,
within a realistic quality cost frame.
Since 1980 the US Department of Defense (DOD) has developed an
M&TE management
standard to control its suppliers.
This standard, adopted by more than 1000 companies, is built
around the
concept of consumer-producer risk and reliability target of
references. This paper
describes the original aspects of this standard and some of
the significative contributions developed during 15 years of
practice. |
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De gauche à droite : Mr Giacomo, Directeur du Bureau
International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), Patrick Reposeur, Directeur
du Fretac Section Etalonnage, Jean-Claude Krynicki Responsable
Qualité-Métrologie Hewlett-Packard France |
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Presentation done for the NCSL 1992 -
Washington DC - USA (August 1992)
AUTOMATED
FREQUENCY TRACEABILITY
The
main objective of a standard lab is to maintain traceability through an
unbroken chain of references. This activity requires
a lot of efforts to compare references at each step of the chain and to
compute datas in order to achieve measurement integrity.
Automating the traceability operations would be a major gain of
productivity. This is possible in
time and frequency domain
where references comparison is much easier. This paper describes
a system implemented
in an
accredited standard laboratory to control the link from national
lab to end user.
A cesium beam standard is daily compared to National references through
a TV remote comparison. A 10 MHz reference is then distributed
to end
users through
an optical
network.
This
fully automated system permits to place the traceability chain
under quality
control with
a minimum
of human
intervention.
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Presentation done for the Forum
Mesure 1990 - Paris (21 Septembre 1990)
L'ISO 9002 dans un service de maintenance
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Presentation done for the NCSL
1990 -
Washington DC - USA (August 1990)
ISO 900X IMPLEMENTATION IN EUROPEAN T&M
COMPANIES
In order to reduce non-quality costs and to increase
the partnership between suppliers and sub contractors, there is a
consensus in the european community (EEC) to use ISO 900X Quality system
as the industrial reference for 1998.
For Test & Measurement companies this system is
connected to the metrological accreditation structure which is also
described in this paper.
Through the example of a Test and Measurement repair center, the main
items to be implemented are analyzed as well as cost and implementation
planning.
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Observations magnétiques - Port Alfred (Ile de Crozet) -
1974 pour le compte de l'Institut de Physique du Globe. Une aventure
scientifique et humaine (14 mois sur une île avec 28 volontaires et
deux bateaux de ravitaillement par an. Mesures du champ magnétique
terrestre (fonction de "Magne") et de rayonnement du ciel
nocturne (fonction de "Cinoc"). |
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